Baden-Württemberg, Germany: A Travel Guide to Germany's Southwest

Grüß Gott!

Are you ready to discover Baden-Württemberg, a place that combines old-world charm and cutting-edge innovation? This state, known as “Germany's Southwest”, is located in the southwestern Germany. With its scenic Black Forest, world-class automotive industry, historic cities, charming towns, and scrumptious food, it's where tradition and progress go hand-in-hand.

What makes this federal state truly special and worth a visit?

You can start your day hiking through forests or wandering through towns that look like they're frozen in time. Then in the afternoon, tour a high-tech car factory (the place where some of the world's best cars are born). And, on the way back to your hotel, after enjoying a traditional meal, you indulge in a slice of authentic Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte — that's the real Black Forest cake (not some strange imitation with maraschino cherries on top). 

Whether you're a history buff, a nature lover, a food connoisseur, or a tech enthusiast, this state has something for you.

A bit of Baden-Württemberg history

The story of Baden-Württemberg is as diverse as its landscapes, stretching back to ancient times and evolving into a modern, prosperous state.

The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times with Celtic and Germanic tribes calling it home before the Romans arrived in the 1st century BC. The Romans left their mark with settlements like Baden-Baden and Rottweil, some of Germany's oldest cities.

During the Middle Ages, the region was divided into numerous small territories, including the Duchy of Württemberg and the Margraviate of Baden, territories within the Holy Roman Empire. These historical divisions are still reflected in the state's name today.

Key historical milestones include:

• The Protestant Reformation, which took hold in Württemberg in the 16th century
• The Napoleonic era, which brought significant territorial changes
• The 1848-49 Baden Revolution, a significant event in the German democratic movement
• The establishment of the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Kingdom of Württemberg in the early 19th century
• The formation of the state of Württemberg-Baden after World War II

The modern state of Baden-Württemberg was created in 1952 through a merger of Württemberg-Baden, South Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. This merger was confirmed by a referendum, making Baden-Württemberg the only German state to be founded by popular vote.

Since its formation, Baden-Württemberg has grown into one of the most prosperous and innovative states. This third most populous German state is home to global companies and renowned corporations like Daimler, Porsche, Bosch, Roche Diagnostics and Hugo Boss, as well as numerous highly successful small and medium-sized enterprises.

Baden-Württemberg is a testament to the successful blend of tradition and innovation. Its rich history provides a fascinating backdrop to its modern, high-tech present.

Where in the world is Baden-Württemberg?

Situated in the southwest corner of Germany, Baden-Württemberg is the third largest German state, covering an area of about 13,804 square miles (35,751 square kilometers), making up about 10% of Germany's total land area.

It shares borders with three other German states — Bavaria to the east, Hesse to the north, and Rhineland-Palatinate to the northwest. Internationally, it borders France to the west and Switzerland to the south.

Baden-Württemberg's topography is diverse and stunning with the Black Forest (Schwarzwald), a mountainous region with Germany's largest continuous forest and picturesque villages.

The Swabian Alps (Schwäbische Alb) are a low mountain range with a unique karst landscape of limestone formations, caves (such as the famous Nebelhöhle and Bärenhöhle), and underground rivers.

Part of the Upper Rhine Plain, including the Rhine Valley, are located here as well as Lake Constance (Bodensee), the third-largest freshwater lake in Central Europe.

The state's main rivers include the Neckar, the Danube (which originates in the Black Forest), and sections of the Rhine. These waterways have played crucial roles in the region's history and continue to be important for transportation and tourism.

Baden-Württemberg's climate is generally mild, with warm summers and cool winters. The Rhine Valley tends to be warmer, while the Black Forest and Swabian Alps experience cooler temperatures and more rain.

The state is divided into four administrative districts: Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Freiburg, and Tübingen. Stuttgart serves as the state capital and largest city, known for its automotive industry and cultural attractions.

Discover the Unique Culture of Baden-Württemberg

Baden-Württemberg's culture is a fascinating mix of traditional customs and forward-thinking innovation. This unique blend is evident in every aspect of life here, from language to festivals, from cuisine to industry.

Baden-Württemberg Dialects

There are four main dialects spoken in Baden-Württemberg:

• Swabian (Schwäbisch): central and eastern parts; most widespread.
• Baden (Badisch): western areas; closely related to Alemannic.
• Franconian (Fränkisch): northeastern region, mainly Heilbronn-Franken area.
• Lake Constance Alemannic (Bodenseealemannisch): southern part, around Lake Constance.

These dialects can be quite different from standard German, but don't worry — most people also speak High German and many are fluent in English, especially in urban areas.

Traditional Dress

While not as famous as Bavaria's lederhosen, Baden-Württemberg has its own traditional costumes or Tracht. These vary by region, but often include the Bollenhut, a hat with large red pom-poms worn by women in the Black Forest area. You might see these traditional outfits during festivals or special occasions.

Festivals and Traditions

Innovation and Industry

Baden-Württemberg is known as Germany's innovation powerhouse. It's home to global automotive giants like Mercedes-Benz and Porsche, as well as many innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. The state consistently ranks high in patent applications and Research & Development investment.

Baden-Württemberg Cuisine

With around 80 Michelin-starred restaurants throughout this region, you'll have no difficulty in finding a place to enjoy  hearty and delicious cuisine. Must-try dishes include:

• Maultaschen (pasta pockets filled with meat and spinach)
• Spätzle (egg noodles often served with cheese or gravy)
• Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte (Black Forest cake)
• Flammkuchen (thin-crust pizza with crème fraîche, onions, and bacon)

Don't forget to try the local wines — Baden-Württemberg is a significant wine-producing area, with vineyards stretching along the shores of Lake Constance, the Rhine Valley and the Neckar River. The two main wine-growing areas are Baden, which has a warmer climate and produces fuller-bodied wines, and Württemberg, known for its red wines and unique grape varieties like Trollinger.

The 5 Best Places to Discover Baden-Württemberg

Here are five must-visit places to help you discover the essence of this beautiful state:

Stuttgart

Start your journey in Stuttgart, the state capital and a city that perfectly embodies Baden-Württemberg's blend of tradition and innovation. Visit the Mercedes-Benz Museum and the Porsche Museum to dive into the state's automotive heritage.

Stroll through the Schlossplatz, the largest square in Stuttgart, and explore the Old Castle (Altes Schloss) and New Castle (Neues Schloss). Don't miss the Wilhelma, one of the largest zoos and botanical gardens in Europe.

Heidelberg

Next, head to Heidelberg, one of Germany's most romantic cities. The partially ruined Heidelberg Castle, perched on a hillside, offers stunning views over the old town and the Neckar River. Wander through the Old Town and across the Old Bridge, and visit Germany's oldest university, founded in 1386.

For a unique experience, ride the Heidelberg Bergbahn (funicular railway) up to the Königstuhl for panoramic views on the Königstuhl mountain. Stop off just before you get to the top and you'll be at the Heidelberg castle.

Freiburg

In the heart of the Black Forest, you'll find Freiburg, known as Germany's sunniest city. Explore its charming old town with its unique Bächle (small water-filled runnels alongside the pavements). Visit the Gothic Freiburg Minster and climb its tower for breathtaking views. Use Freiburg as a base to explore the Black Forest — take a hike, visit a cuckoo clock maker, or relax in one of the region's spa towns.

Lake Constance (Bodensee)

The Bodensee region offers a perfect mix of nature, culture, and leisure. Visit the flower island of Mainau, known for its beautiful gardens. Explore the prehistoric pile dwellings in Unteruhldingen, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Take a boat trip on Germany's largest lake, visit the picturesque town of Meersburg with its old castle, or enjoy water sports in Friedrichshafen.

Baden-Baden

Finally, treat yourself to some relaxation in Baden-Baden, the famous spa town with its hot springs. Soak in the thermal baths at Caracalla Therme, a modern spa complex with thermal baths and saunas. Or go to the Friedrichsbad, a traditional Roman-Irish bath house. Stroll along the Lichtentaler Allee, a historic park and arboretum along the Oos River.

Art lovers shouldn't miss the Frieder Burda Museum, showcasing modern and contemporary art or perhaps visit the Fabergé Museum, which ouses the world's largest collection of Fabergé eggs outside Russia.

Additional Travel Tips

Ready to pack your bags for your Baden Württemberg adventure? Here are some useful tips to help make your journey smoother.

When to come

Baden-Württemberg is beautiful year-round, but each season offers a unique experience:

• Spring (March to May) brings mild temperatures and blooming orchards, perfect for outdoor activities.
• Summer (June to August) is peak tourist season, ideal for hiking, outdoor festivals, and enjoying beer gardens.
• Autumn (September to November) offers beautiful foliage, especially in the Black Forest, and numerous wine festivals.
• Winter (December to February) can be cold, but it's perfect for Christmas markets, skiing in the Black Forest, and cozy indoor activities.

How to travel

Baden-Württemberg has an excellent public transportation system. The Baden-Württemberg-Ticket offers unlimited travel on regional trains, trams, and buses throughout the state for one day, making it a cost-effective option for exploring. It'll  even take you to the neighboring cities of Basel, Lindau and Würzburg.

For more flexibility, consider renting a car, especially if you plan to explore rural areas or the Black Forest. Just remember that some city centers are car-free zones.

Cycling is also popular, with many dedicated bike paths throughout the state. 

Local customs

People in Baden-Württemberg are generally friendly, but may seem a bit reserved at first. Punctuality is highly valued. When entering a shop, it's polite to greet the staff with a simple Grüß Gott or Guten Tag.

You may see a Hocketse, which is a Swabian term for a cozy get-together or informal neighborhood gatherings or street festivals, often with food, drink, and music.

If you are then on May 1st, you'll see the Maibaum (May Pole) erected and decorated to welcome spring.

You may encounter a Schäferlauf, a festival held in some Swabian towns. It celebrates the region's shepherding traditions and includes various activities like sheep herding demonstrations, traditional costumes, and the shepherds' foot race. The one in Markgröningen has been celebrated annually since 1732.

Speak like a local

While High German is widely spoken, learning a few local phrases can be fun:

• Grüß Gott > Hello
• Servus > Hello/Goodbye (informal)
• Gell? > Right? (often added to the end of sentences)
• Vesper > Snack or light meal
• Guck mal! > Look!

And, of course, Baden-Württemberg's motto: Wir können alles. Außer Hochdeutsch  > We can do everything. Except speak High German (from a humorous marketing campaign in 1999).

So pack your bags, bring your sense of adventure, and get ready to discover Baden-Württemberg. As they might say in Swabian dialect, "Jetzscht goht's los!" (Let's get going!)

Ade und bis bald ... until we meet again in Baden-Württemberg!

More to discover on Baden-Württemberg

• Flora, Fauna and Funga
• Most Popular Foods
• Heidelberg: Amazing must-see attractions
• Stuttgart: More Than Just Fast Cars
• The 16 Federal States of Germany

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